HAPPY BIRTHDAY, LANGSTON HUGHES

HARLEM

What happens to a dream deferred?

 Does it dry up

like a raisin in the sun?

Or fester like a sore–

And then run?

Does it stink like rotten meat?

Or crust and sugar over–

like a syrupy sweet?

 Maybe it just sags

like a heavy load.

Or does it explode?

-- Langston Hughes

Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902. He is remembered as a poet and author who was a leading voice in the 1920's Harlem Renaissance - a burgeoning Black arts movement in New York. He had always been a writer - getting his poems published in his high school's literary magazine and other poetry publications throughout his youth. When Hughes moved to New York in 1921, he was pursuing his writing and enrolled at Columbia University. But, he dropped out a year later and found a job working as a crewman on a freighter. He spent years traveling around the world, working odd jobs and developing his poetry. Throughout his life he wrote countless works of poetry, along with operasshort storiesplaysnovelschildren's storiesessays and newspapers columns. He went on to obtain a scholarship from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and began to gain a wider audience and appeal. By the time he graduated from Lincoln in 1929, his writing style was established as well as his commitment to using his voice to speak to Black issues and conditions. He, along with his contemporaries in the Harlem Renaissance, made a point to speak to the lower strata of Black people - focusing their art on opposing their social conditions, confronting stereotypes, and re-imagining Black people's image of themselves. His cultural nationalism and racial consciousness was a great influence to many Black writers who followed in his footsteps. Today we celebrate Hughes on what would have been his 113th birthday. We remember his words, his legacy, his commitment to his art and his people, and his unwavering belief in the value and beauty of all Black lives. 

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

by Camille Johnson

Dred Scott was born into slavery in Southampton County, Virginia.

In 1820, Dred Scott was sold to a new owner, who him moved from Missouri to Illinois (a free state); then to Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was prohibited by the Missouri Compromise.

In 1838, Dred Scott’s owner moved him to Louisiana. Scott could have sued for his freedom then, but chose not to.

When Dred Scott tried to purchase his freedom, his owner refused.

Dred Scott sued for his freedom, arguing that when he moved from the slave-state of Missouri to the free-state of Illinois, he became a free man.

THE DECISION

The Supreme Court denied Dred Scott's lawsuit and argument, ruling that Black people were not U.S. citizens and did not have the right to be heard in a court of law.

"A free negro of the African race, whose ancestors were brought to this country and sold as slaves, is not a "citizen" within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States"

-- Chief Justice Roger B. Taney

WHAT WOULD THE FOUNDERS THINK?

The Court argued that the Founders did not intend for Black people to have U.S. citizenship.

"Yet the men who framed [Declaration of Independence] were great men. . . They understood the meaning of [their words, and they knew that no one in the civilized world interpret them as embracing] the negro race, which, by common consent, had been excluded from civilized Governments and doomed to slavery. . .The unhappy black race were separated from the white by indelible marks, and long-established laws, and were never thought of or spoken of except as property."

-- Chief Justice Roger B. Taney

DR. ALEXANDER TURNER

by Mariel Watkins

Dr. Alexander Turner is credited as the first African American general surgeon in Detroit. Dr. Alexander Turner attended medical school at the University of Michigan, and as a medical student, founded a chain of drugstores. Known for being one of the most prominent black doctors in Detroit, Dr. Turner co-founded Dunbar Memorial Hospital in 1918, which catered to Detroit’s black community. In addition, Dr. Turner held appointments at two white hospitals that barred most black doctors and operated two private offices. Seventy-five percent of Dr. Turner’s clientele was white. Despite Dr. Turner’s status among whites and blacks in the city of Detroit, whites were far from pleased when he moved his family into a house on Spokane Avenue, an all white neighborhood on Detroit’s west side. After being attacked by a white mob only 5 hours after he moved in, two men forced Turner to sign over his deed with a gun to his head, and with the help of the police, escorted him and his family out of the house. Turner was not the only doctor in Detroit that moved into an all white neighborhood and was subjected to such treatment.  Dr. Turner was known for his skill in treating diseases peculiar to women and children. Currently, S.A.Y Detroit and WIN Network are two Detroit-based public health organizations that cater to the health of women and children.

#RECLAIMMLK – MARTIN LUTHER KING DAY 2015: NATIONAL DAY OF ACTION

by Paige Watkins

Today, we reclaim his legacy. We reclaim his voice and words spoken out against white supremacy and racism. We reclaim his support and advocacy of grassroots direct action. We reclaim the truth of his radical and unapologetic leadership. We reclaim our history and both the hope and pain that go along with it. We must honor Dr. King’s legacy through community service, but we must also honor his legacy through action.